What problem does the Knapsack algorithm primarily address?

The Knapsack algorithm primarily addresses the problem of maximizing value within a given weight capacity. This problem is often framed as a scenario where a thief must choose items to steal, each item having a specific weight and value, while ensuring that the total weight does not exceed the capacity of the knapsack. The objective is to maximize the total value of the items selected.

The algorithm explores various combinations of items, considering their respective weights and values, and identifies which combination yields the highest value without surpassing the weight limit. This makes it particularly useful in resource allocation problems where you want to optimize for maximum gain under certain constraints.

Understanding this problem is crucial in fields such as operations research, finance, and logistics, where effective decision-making is necessary amidst limited resources.