What type of algorithm is Prim's algorithm?

Prim's algorithm is classified as a minimum spanning tree algorithm. Its primary function is to find the minimum spanning tree for a weighted undirected graph, meaning it aims to connect all the vertices in the graph with the least total edge weight while avoiding cycles. The algorithm works by starting from a single vertex and gradually expanding the tree by adding the least expensive edge that connects a vertex in the growing tree to a vertex outside of it, ensuring that every vertex is ultimately included without forming cycles.

This distinctive feature of efficiently constructing a spanning tree while minimizing the total edge weight sets it apart from the other types of algorithms listed. For instance, sorting algorithms focus on arranging data in a particular order, pathfinding algorithms are designed to find the shortest path between two points, and searching algorithms aim to locate a specific item within a data structure. Prim's algorithm's specific goal and method solidify its classification as a minimum spanning tree algorithm.